There is a protein capsid covered by a lipid bilayer envelope which contains glycoprotein spikes. It explains what hiv aids is, how it can be prevented and how it affects particular groups, especially children and young people. Hiv 2 is restricted to west africa, although there are imported cases in the uk. In the united states, hiv is spread mainly by having anal or vaginal sex or sharing injection drug equipment. The following are the causes through a person can get affected with an hiv and aids. Chapter 1 introduction to hiv aids the first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids were reported in the united states in the spring of 1981.
Description of abc of hiv and aids pdf 6th edition. Hiv is a member of the genus lentivirus, part of the family of retroviridae. People infected with hiv may have no symptoms for many years. Written by a john hopkins physician specializing in mens health, this musthave resource. In this condition, a persons immune system becomes too weak to fight off any kind of infection or disease. The acronym hiv stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It provides a pathway for researchers and clinicians to gain an indepth. Aids is the term used to describe acquired immune deficiency syndrome. We look at symptoms, progression, transmission, medication. While aids is not the health threat that it once was in north america, it is still a significant public health problem and is a devastating epidemic in africa and asia.
Choose from used and new textbooks or get instant access with etextbooks and digital materials. Prerequisite modules none learning objectives at the end of this module, you will be able to. Hiv aids can be treated and there is a lot that can be done to improve you health if diagnosed early. Free hiv aids books download ebooks online textbooks. This can be through sexual contact or other means such as intravenous drug use.
Winiarski new york university press, 1997 this volume provides a roadmap for mental health professionals who seek to develop new strategies aimed at increasing the longevity and quality of life for people living with hiv aids, as well as at controlling the future spread of the disease. Aids and hiv discover the causes, symptoms, and treatments. Education and hivaids provides a strategic direction for the world bank in responding to the impact of hiv aids on education. Abc of hiv and aids pdf 6th edition free download direct. Hivaids disproportionately affects subsaharan africa. Introduction to hiv, aids and sexually transmitted. Introduction to hiv, aids and sexually transmitted infection surveillance. Regional office for the eastern mediterranean, joint united nations programme on hiv aids p. If a member in a family has hiv, all other members have the possibility of harboring hiv.
The hiv virion has a central core containing two identical rna genomes and enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase. Confidentiality regarding all medical information, including hiv aids status, must be maintained. Hiv 1 is the most common and pathogenic strain of the virus. Hivaids pandemic, the role of substance abuse in the spread. Hiv, aids, history hiv is thought to have originated in nonhuman primates in subsaharan africa and was transferred to humans late in the 19th or early in the 20th century. Pdf hiv is a member of the genus lentivirus, part of the family of retroviridae. Hiv aids pandemic, the role of substance abuse in the spread of aids was clearly established. Today we know it as human immunodeficiency virus hiv.
The possibility of hiv transmission from mother to child can be reduced to the minimum by taking medical help right from conception onwards. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome modes of transmission unprotected sex with someone infected infected blood mother to child transmission body fluids which, are definitely infectious. There should be no obligation on the part of the employee to inform the employer. The second part of the chapter presents a summary of epidemiological data from the cdc. Hiv human immuno deficiency virus is a virus that enters blood. Although data are useful in evaluating disease prevalence and incidence, reported aids cases are only the clinical tip of the. It is spread by contact with certain bodily fluids of a person with hiv, most commonly during unprotected sex sex without a condom or hiv medicine to prevent or treat hiv, or through sharing injection drug equipment. Hiv modes of transmission model 9 with joint efforts of the ministry of health and the main stakeholders who participate in the national response to hiv and aids, digecitss and copresida have developed the study, modes of hiv transmission model, contributing to widen the scope of the response and better adapt it to the countrys needs. Chapter 1 introduction to hivaids substance abuse treatment. In hiv positive people, the virus can be found in the blood, sex fluids such as sperm and vaginal fluids and breast milk. Hiv is the term used to describe human immunodeficiency virus.
When this happens, you get a group of particular medical conditions called aids defining conditionsor illnesses and we say that you have developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome aids. Aids is a condition that can arise from an advanced stage of infection with hiv. A few years ago they did not even exist but now are the most deadly threat to mankind due to. I think it is nontrivial to apply and build this setup but it might be quite worth it if you have the disease. Hiv is a lifelong condition, and without treatment, a person with hiv can develop aids, which makes the. Hiv is spread through contact with the blood, semen, preseminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, or breast milk of a person with hiv. This book is a resource that religious leaders can use to explore ways of responding to hiv aids. Injection drug use idu was identified as a direct route of hiv.
The process of drafting a law to prevent and control the spread of hiv aids was first begun in 2002. Aids the acronym for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Testing and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases stds can be an effective tool in preventing the spread of hiv, the virus that causes aids. Overview of hiv infection 1 participant manual 2005 module 1 overview of hiv infection purpose to provide you with the basic terms and concepts related to hiv infection. Aids or acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a syndrome caused by the hiv virus.
Hiv basics for health professionals consortium of universities for. Hiv and aids are two names that have widespread roots everywhere nowadays. The global hiv aids epidemic has already killed 20 million people and another 40 million people are currently infected. To date, the aids case reporting system of the centers for disease control and prevention cdc is the only complete national populationbased data available to monitor the epidemic. O in addition, the direct physical, psychological and social consequences of stis have a major impact on quality of life and are a prime indicator of the quality of global sexual and reproductive health care. The only way to know for sure if you have hiv is to get tested. Electron microscopy and sequence analysis revealed hiv to be a lentivirus, known. The hivbook is a medical textbook that follows the concept of being independent, easy to read, and freely available on the internet. Hiv is a virus that targets and alters the immune system, increasing the risk and impact of other infections and diseases.
The concept of this book was developed by bernd sebastian kamps. Hiv human immunodeficiency virus is a virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases. Describe the difference between hiv infection and aids. Hiv aids as well as the aid for aids programme that is available to members living with hiv of contracted medical schemes and companies. This is a thick book with an astonishing outlook on aids hiv. About one in every four canadians with hiv does not know they have it. The picture we can draw of the hiv aids epidemic is limited by the data available. View notes hiv my lecture notes from hiv 001 at university of eastern africa, baraton. Hiv is caused by exposure to the bodily fluids of an infected person.
Oxidative stress and dietary antioxidants provides comprehensive coverage of oxidative stress in hivaids, focusing on both the pathological process around molecular and cellular metabolism and the complications that can arise due to nutritional imbalance. Hiv aids notable exceptions are argentina, brazil, and mexico, which provide universal coverage for antiretroviral therapy. Hiv or aids the human immunodeficiency virus hiv is the cause of one of the most destructive human pandemics in recorded history. Even though the prospect of greater access to treat.
This document provides an overview of current knowledge of arv drug interactions. As discussed in chapter 8, control of the pandemic demands a twofront battle that emphasizes both prevention and care. Hivaids care and counselling pyc2605 notes from tutor. Hiv my lecture notes introduction to hiv\aids origin.
Aids acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a late stage of hiv disease according to the cdc, a person living with hiv has aids when he or she. It proposes a weird method you have to build a setup with electrical tasers in order to tackle your disease. Surveillance of hiv risk behaviours world health organization. Hivaids treatment and care for injecting drug users in asia. The book has first been published in 1991 and has since been updated annually. Hiv means human immune deficiency virus and its rising incidence leading to aids acquired immune deficiency syndrome has been posing grave globally to the lives of people especially women. A compilation of facts and product information mahatma gandhi marg indraprastha estate, new delhi 12 tel. Hiv infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment and some of its associated complications. Aids is a disease which has the following elements. Hiv aids screening, whether direct hiv testing, indirect assessment of risk behaviours or asking questions about tests already taken, should not be required. Introduction to hiv aids origin, theories and history of the pandemic the origin of aids and hiv has puzzled. Overview of the hivaids epidemic with an introduction to.
The magnitude of this epidemic requires a response that confronts the disease from every sector, but education plays a particularly important role. The role of std prevention and treatment in hiv prevention. The first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids were reported in the united states in the spring of 1981. By 1983 the human immunodeficiency virus hiv, the virus that causes aids, had been isolated. Even people without symptoms suffer ongoing damage to their immune systems, and they can pass the virus to others. The human immunodeficiency virus hiv is a lentivirus that causes hiv infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids. Since it was first recognised in 1981 it has killed more than 25 million people. Hiv severely damages a persons immune system, so that the body can no longer fight off infections and other diseases.